The Armenian (Western) Language. Armenian (Western) is the dialect most often encountered among Armenians outside of Armenia. It is spoken by the majority of Armenians living throughout the Middle East, North and South America, Europe, Africa, and Australia, collectively called the Armenian Diaspora. Tech Talk. Includes 10 lessons on 5 CDs (5 hrs), plus a Notes Booklet and User’s Guide. The Easiest and Fastest Way to Learn Armenian (Western) Whether you want to travel, communicate with friends or colleagues, reconnect with family, or just understand more of what’s going on in the world around you, learning Armenian (Western) will expand your horizons and immeasurably enrich your life. Animals and Pets Anime Art Cars and Motor Vehicles Crafts and DIY Culture, Race, and Ethnicity Ethics and Philosophy Fashion Food and Drink History Hobbies Law Learning and Education Military Movies Music Place Podcasts and Streamers Politics Programming Reading, Writing, and Literature Religion and Spirituality Science Tabletop Games ...The course is open to language learners outside the institution. All students can enroll as a non-matriculated student through eveningclasses.byu.edu. California State University, Fresno, CA, USA. Program: Armenian Studies. Contact information: barlowd “at” csufresno.edu, Tel: (559) 278-2669 Fax: (559) 278-2129.Western Armenian still follows ancient orthography rules, while Eastern Armenian orthography reformed and adjusted phonetic realization and writing. Nowadays, you will hear Eastern Armenian in almost every community of the Diaspora, especially after the great number of citizens of the Republic of Armenia who chose to migrate and relocate to ...Janice Okoomian AVC student, USA. I am learning Armenian because I want to see the world through a new lens and taste the full Armenian lexicon on my lips. I know that the words I am speaking are the same ones that my grandparents and great-grandparents used every day, and I imagine myself closer to them now through the sound and meaning of all the words, the phrases, the sentences I am learning.Armenian Alphabet ♬ IPA. This is the best way to learn the fascinating Armenian alphabet in all its forms: lowercase, UPPERCASE, matching cases, pronunciation, letter names, and numerals! Complete with audio as well as IPA and standard ISO 9985 romanization. Armenian keyboard layout not required. Please consider ….*UPDATE* I have started a series of posts to accompany these Powerpoint lessons, referenced below. Please see: Western Armenian Alphabet, Lesson 1A: You CAN Learn to Read Armenian Western Armenian Alphabet, Lesson 1B: E, E, E Western Armenian Alphabet, Lesson 2: False Friends Western Armenian Alphabet, Lesson 3A: Odd Couples Western Armenian Alphabet, Lesson 3B:…Animals and Pets Anime Art Cars and Motor Vehicles Crafts and DIY Culture, Race, and Ethnicity Ethics and Philosophy Fashion Food and Drink History Hobbies Law Learning and Education Military Movies Music Place Podcasts and Streamers Politics Programming Reading, Writing, and Literature Religion and Spirituality Science Tabletop Games ... Learn Western Armenian, Chaville, France. 203 likes. This is a modern tool for teaching basic Western Armenian to students from 7 to 70 years of age with The course is open to language learners outside the institution. All students can enroll as a non-matriculated student through eveningclasses.byu.edu. California State University, Fresno, CA, USA. Program: Armenian Studies. Contact information: barlowd “at” csufresno.edu, Tel: (559) 278-2669 Fax: (559) 278-2129. This means that some sounds still extant in Eastern Armenian are no longer used in Western Armenian and thus may make it easier for an English-speaker to learn. Study Western Armenian. Dr. Thomas J. Samuelian of Arak-29 has made a full-length course in modern Western Armenian available for free online. This is a complete year-long course in ... Apr 19, 2022 · The Armenian Language has a proper system through which these chemicals are known. For example, the word for ‘gold’ is written ՈՍԿԻ (voski) in Armenian. Each alphabet in every word has a certain number associated with it. The sum of all the numbers is 79, the atomic number for Au, gold. It was not a mere coincidence; instead, it was ... Elementary Modern Armenian Grammar , Kevork H. Gulian (New York, 1902; reprinted many times), in 196 pdf pages. Excellent grammar for English speakers wanting to learn Western Armenian. Includes reading exercises, selections of useful words, phrases for Armenian conversation and Armenian-English, English-Armenian vocabularies ...4-5-6. The next three columns present the pronunciation of characters in Old, Eastern and Western Armenian. Three characters are represented with two sets of symbols, one for transcription: ÀÁ ə, ¾¿ e, úû o and another, transliteration: ÀÁ ě, ¾¿ ē, úû ō. The sound changes are marked with bold characters. Obviously, there are noApr 11, 2011 · Elementary Modern Armenian Grammar by Kevork H. Gulian (New York, 1990; reprinted many times), 196 p. Excellent grammar for English speakers wanting to learn Western Armenian. Includes reading exercises, selection of useful words, phrases for Armenian conversation and Armenian-English, English-Armenian vocabulary. Achieve fluency in the Armenian language with Learn Armenian Online. Personalized lessons by professional tutors for all levels. Improve communication skills, speaking and writing. Choose Eastern or Western dialect. Start your journey now! ftv gerlsfoot patrol Jan 10, 2020 · First read: Introduction to the Western Armenian Alphabet Posts You can find the specific (slightly edited) Powerpoint lesson here: Alphabet Lesson 5, The Last Few Letters Access the rest of the lessons in this series here: Western Armenian Alphabet, Lesson 1A: You CAN Learn to Read Armenian Western Armenian Alphabet, Lesson 1B: E, E, E… The course is open to language learners outside the institution. All students can enroll as a non-matriculated student through eveningclasses.byu.edu. California State University, Fresno, CA, USA. Program: Armenian Studies. Contact information: barlowd “at” csufresno.edu, Tel: (559) 278-2669 Fax: (559) 278-2129.This means that some sounds still extant in Eastern Armenian are no longer used in Western Armenian and thus may make it easier for an English-speaker to learn. Study Western Armenian. Dr. Thomas J. Samuelian of Arak-29 has made a full-length course in modern Western Armenian available for free online. This is a complete year-long course in ...Jul 10, 2020 · He learned Classical Armenian (Գրաբար) as well as modern Western Armenian. He translated works from Classical Armenian into English and even helped publish an Armenian-English dictionary. I wasn't allowed to post it on r/linguistics, but I suppose, it's more appropriate for this subreddit. I guess, no further explanation to my question is required. In Classical Armenian "ղ" represented a velarised lateral approximant [ɫ] as "l" in English "cold" (in most dialects). In Modern Armenian it became [ʁ].The Armenian language can be considered a complex one due to various historic and cultural reasons. It’s a fairly difficult language to learn, mainly for two reasons. First, it is a very old language that has maintained many of its archaic forms. In fact, the first traces of the Armenian alphabet are found in BC.This site is designed as a starting point for people who want to learn more about the Armenian language. The links on the left contain English to Armenian translations as well as other tools and info for learning Armenian. All the of the information on this site is free. It is intended as a resource for the different languages of the world.The easiest way to learn the Armenian language for free. Here, you will be able to make small conversations, while learning the alphabet. The course's main dialect is Western Armenian but Eastern Armenian is also available. level 2. · 1y Lebanon. It fully depends on your community. It would be weird to learn Eastern Armenian if you're living in the middle east, or a predominantly Western Armenian speaking community/family. But in his case (Russia/LA) Eastern Armenian is obviously the right choice. 2.Western Armenian Alphabet, Lesson 5B: The Last Few Letters. Western Armenian Alphabet, Lesson 5C: Bonus letters. They’re not in alphabetical order, but instead in the order I recommend you learn the letters – they build off of each other, starting with shapes you already know. Here’s the excel spreadsheet I used to create the worksheets.4-5-6. The next three columns present the pronunciation of characters in Old, Eastern and Western Armenian. Three characters are represented with two sets of symbols, one for transcription: ÀÁ ə, ¾¿ e, úû o and another, transliteration: ÀÁ ě, ¾¿ ē, úû ō. The sound changes are marked with bold characters. Obviously, there are noLearn Armenian with Ling Use our comprehensive lessons, conversation topics, and more to connect with those closest to you Start learning Korean Lao Latvian Lithuanian Malayalam Malaysian Marathi Mongolian Nepali Norwegian Persian Polish Portuguese Punjabi Romanian Russian Serbian Slovak Slovenian Sorbian Spanish Swahili Swedish Tagalog TamilLearn Armenian for kids thru online games, videos, songs, books, posters, flashcards and worksheets. Children love learning Armenian with our award winning language learning app & website. Get unlimited access to Dinolingo Armenian course on your desktop, laptop, smartphone, tablet, all for one fixed monthly fee: $14.95/mo. Cancel anytime. upside down text toojuice and the Armenian General Benevolent Union (AGBU) are proud to present Gus on the Go: Western Armenian for Kids — a child-friendly, easy to use, colorful new language app featuring native speakers and Gus, the friendly owl. Featuring adorable animations and fun exercises, your child can learn basic vocabulary concepts with interactive ...ArmenianOnline.net. Learn Armenian for free by applying yourself at your own pace this interactive version of the audiovisual method operated in the «WESTERN ARMENIAN HANDBOOK FOR NON-ARMENIAN SPEAKERS» created by Dr. Hilda Kalfayan-Panossian (University of Paris Sorbonne). The three books and CDs of the Handbook are still available for sale. Modern Armenian, established as an independent language no earlier than 1875, has two main varieties: Eastern Armenian (Ashkharik, the official language), based on the dialect of the Ararat region, and Western Armenian (spoken by the Turkish minority) based on the Istanbul/ Turkish dialect. This distinction has historical reasons.Nov 27, 2022 · However, you can still learn Western Armenian using the resources below! Try these resources to search for Western Armenian lessons: For Windows users, we recommend the ZoneAlarm Language Learning Browser. Where can I learn Armenian? The best way to learn the Armenian language is to attend an Armenian language school, enroll in an Armenian ... Apr 19, 2022 · The Armenian Language has a proper system through which these chemicals are known. For example, the word for ‘gold’ is written ՈՍԿԻ (voski) in Armenian. Each alphabet in every word has a certain number associated with it. The sum of all the numbers is 79, the atomic number for Au, gold. It was not a mere coincidence; instead, it was ... The good news is that Memrise has material for both Eastern and Western Armenian. Try using these with your core studies! Why learn Armenian on Memrise: Community-generated lessons for Eastern and Western dialects; Learn the Armenian alphabet, vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation, and more; Extensive course material; Pricing: Memrise is free ...Includes 10 lessons on 5 CDs (5 hrs), plus a Notes Booklet and User’s Guide. The Easiest and Fastest Way to Learn Armenian (Western) Whether you want to travel, communicate with friends or colleagues, reconnect with family, or just understand more of what’s going on in the world around you, learning Armenian (Western) will expand your horizons and immeasurably enrich your life.A1 Western Armenian Language Course Overview Watch on 2. Atlas by AGBU Atlas is a repository of Armenian language resources – games and apps, YouTube videos, and books – that can be used by adults and children alike to develop language skills.Pimsleur Armenian (Western) Level 1 CD: Learn to Speak and Understand Western Armenian with Pimsleur Language Programs (Compact) by Pimsleur | May 1, 2006 4.0 out of 5 stars 21The Armenian alphabet ( Armenian: Հայոց գրեր, Hayoc’ grer or Հայոց այբուբեն, Hayoc’ aybuben ), or more broadly the Armenian script, is an alphabetic writing system developed for Armenian and occasionally used to write other languages. It was developed around 405 AD by Mesrop Mashtots, an Armenian linguist and ... picture tiles First read: Introduction to the Western Armenian Alphabet Posts You can find the specific (slightly edited) Powerpoint lesson here: Alphabet Lesson 5, The Last Few Letters Access the rest of the lessons in this series here: Western Armenian Alphabet, Lesson 1A: You CAN Learn to Read Armenian Western Armenian Alphabet, Lesson 1B: E, E, E…The language stands as a symbol of resilience and unity, particularly amid the political complexities of Eastern Europe. Learn Armenian Lesson 1 Meeting someone. Learn Armenian Lesson 2 Please and thank you. Learn Armenian Lesson 3 Celebrations and parties. Learn Armenian Lesson 4 Peace on earth. Learn Armenian for kids thru online games, videos, songs, books, posters, flashcards and worksheets. Children love learning Armenian with our award winning language learning app & website. Get unlimited access to Dinolingo Armenian course on your desktop, laptop, smartphone, tablet, all for one fixed monthly fee: $14.95/mo. Cancel anytime. The easiest way to learn the Armenian language for free. Here, you will be able to make small conversations, while learning the alphabet. The course's main dialect is Western Armenian but Eastern Armenian is also available. Apr 19, 2022 · The Armenian Language has a proper system through which these chemicals are known. For example, the word for ‘gold’ is written ՈՍԿԻ (voski) in Armenian. Each alphabet in every word has a certain number associated with it. The sum of all the numbers is 79, the atomic number for Au, gold. It was not a mere coincidence; instead, it was ... Other articles where Arewmtahayerên is discussed: Armenian language: …two written varieties—Western Armenian (Arewmtahayerên) and Eastern Armenian (Arewelahayerên)—and many dialects are spoken. About 50 dialects were known before 1915, when the Armenian population of Turkey was drastically reduced by means of massacre and forced exodus; some of these dialects were mutually unintelligible.Mar 30, 2019 · It simply involves studying grammar, reading lots of example sentences and paragraphs, and not giving up when my teacher tells me (yet again) that I have used a tense in the wrong way in a given writing or speaking exercise. 5. Finding learning resources. Of all the challenges in learning Western Armenian, this is the most frustrating one. Includes 10 lessons on 5 CDs (5 hrs), plus a Notes Booklet and User’s Guide. The Easiest and Fastest Way to Learn Armenian (Western) Whether you want to travel, communicate with friends or colleagues, reconnect with family, or just understand more of what’s going on in the world around you, learning Armenian (Western) will expand your horizons and immeasurably enrich your life.The first one is called "Western Armenian Project", mostly related to making to making videos and isn't exactly what you would look for. Basically Western speakers can make videos together and there is a YT channel that published them. There is the Armenia server which has gathered the best resources for both dialects. Saying that Armenian youth should prioritize eastern over western is in no way the same thing as saying they shouldn't learn Armenian at all, it's quite the opposite. If we want them to learn Armenian well and have opportunities to use it, then we should be teaching them eastern instead of foolishly clinging to western and making them feel ...Learn Armenian with Ling Use our comprehensive lessons, conversation topics, and more to connect with those closest to you Start learning Korean Lao Latvian Lithuanian Malayalam Malaysian Marathi Mongolian Nepali Norwegian Persian Polish Portuguese Punjabi Romanian Russian Serbian Slovak Slovenian Sorbian Spanish Swahili Swedish Tagalog TamilApr 19, 2022 · The Armenian Language has a proper system through which these chemicals are known. For example, the word for ‘gold’ is written ՈՍԿԻ (voski) in Armenian. Each alphabet in every word has a certain number associated with it. The sum of all the numbers is 79, the atomic number for Au, gold. It was not a mere coincidence; instead, it was ... Jun 13, 2023 · While the app mainly focuses on Western Armenian, there is also a choice of learning Eastern Armenian. The basic version of the app is free to use for everyone, but there is a premium paid version which unlocks all the features of the app. Overall this is a great way to get acquainted with the Armenian language, and I would highly recommend you ... Simple Western Armenian phrases you should know. I speak Western Armenian therefore the words and phrases I will use will be in Western Armenian. Let’s begin: #1. Parev — Hello, Hi. Barev is ...The course is open to language learners outside the institution. All students can enroll as a non-matriculated student through eveningclasses.byu.edu. California State University, Fresno, CA, USA. Program: Armenian Studies. Contact information: barlowd “at” csufresno.edu, Tel: (559) 278-2669 Fax: (559) 278-2129. Type of writing system: alphabet. Writing direction: left to right in horizontal lines. Used to write: Armenian, and formerly used for Turkish, Azeri, Kipchak and Kurdish. There are a few minor differences in the pronunciation of the letters between the two standard literary forms of Armenian: Western and Eastern. Probably because most western speakers are in the diaspora and speak Armenian as a second language, while eastern speakers are more likely to have formal education in Armenian and use it as a primary language, obviating the need to learn vocabulary through decks. CrazedZombie • 3 mo. ago. working on the weekend lyrics The good news is that Memrise has material for both Eastern and Western Armenian. Try using these with your core studies! Why learn Armenian on Memrise: Community-generated lessons for Eastern and Western dialects; Learn the Armenian alphabet, vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation, and more; Extensive course material; Pricing: Memrise is free ...Other resources: Memrise is a digital platform that hosts user-generated courses for language-learning. It used some spaced repetition techniques (which are proven to help you memorize faster), and “mems” – i.e. mnemonics as memory aides. There are a few courses for the Western Armenian alphabet on the system:Sosy is an outstanding and patient teacher who tailors the lessons to my needs, abilities, and goals. Taking these Western Armenian Online Courses is a pleasure and has even helped me reconnect with family members and friends as I share my experiences and learn about their experience with the Armenian language and its beauty. Highly recommended ...Learn Armenian. I would like to welcome you to the Armenian lessons. I'm here to help you learn Armenian, by going step by step. All the lessons contain audio and are all offered for free. We will learn the alphabet together. We will also review some simple grammar rules, practice common phrases, and we will have fun memorizing many important ...Jun 5, 2020 · This is an educational initiative to teach Western Armenian online through Skype. Արեւմտահայերէնի դասընթացք (բանաւոր եւ գրաւոր)։ Our course is designed for students of all ages, interested in learning or improving their knowledge of Western Armenian language. //#page-section-5f9c741d07b7cb30e34d5c7b //# ... zdzislaw beksinski toojuice and the Armenian General Benevolent Union (AGBU) are proud to present Gus on the Go: Western Armenian for Kids — a child-friendly, easy to use, colorful new language app featuring native speakers and Gus, the friendly owl. Featuring adorable animations and fun exercises, your child can learn basic vocabulary concepts with interactive ...The bourj hammoudi Armenian mixes a bit of turkish and arabic in their conversation. One word that comes to mind is grandma/grandpa: In western Armenian it’s: meds hayr (grandpa), meds mayr (grandma) Whereas in conversation we say dede nene. Just a heads up, only English and Հայերեն (Armenian) are allowed on r/armenia.Start with an easy and free online course! We have adopted an objective and efficient approach to learn how to speak a language easily and quickly: we suggest you to start by memorizing words, phrases and practical expressions that you can use in everyday life and that will be useful when traveling. Getting used to pronounce words out loud ...toojuice and the Armenian General Benevolent Union (AGBU) are proud to present Gus on the Go: Western Armenian for Kids — a child-friendly, easy to use, colorful new language app featuring native speakers and Gus, the friendly owl. Featuring adorable animations and fun exercises, your child can learn basic vocabulary concepts with interactive ... Pimsleur Western Armenian Basic Audio CD Language Course. $99.95 set of 5 Audio CD Discs + $10.80 p&h or $18.80 foreign delivery. Item Code : PIMS3096. Includes 10 instruction units of 30 minutes each on 5 audio CD discs. SPEAK WESTERN ARMENIAN TO LEARN ARMENIAN.The Machtotz Association sponsors a website to help you learn Western Armenian. It features lessons and dialogues from books for young learners, some interactive exercises, a lexicon, and a guide to the Armenian alphabet. The site also integrates tools to draw the Armenian letters and record yourself pronouncing Armenian words.The Armenian language can be considered a complex one due to various historic and cultural reasons. It’s a fairly difficult language to learn, mainly for two reasons. First, it is a very old language that has maintained many of its archaic forms. In fact, the first traces of the Armenian alphabet are found in BC. Jun 14, 2023 · Learning Western Armenian has never been so much fun! Join Gus, the friendly owl, as he travels around the world and explores languages from every corner of the globe with Gus on the Go! Featuring adorable animations and fun exercises, your child can learn basic vocabulary concepts with interactive visual and auditory lessons on numbers, colors, shapes, fo 10 votes, 16 comments. Barev I am a 16 year old from Canada born to Lebanese-Armenian parents. I speak three languages fluently: french, english and… They only get some points down from me for only offering the Eastern Armenian course and nothing for learning Western Armenian. Their 2 Beginner Units are FREE for use, with all features and 60+ languages included. The premium categories can be purchased at the following pricing plans: Monthly subscription for $ 8.99; Yearly subscription for ... media jobs «M.A.M educational movement» is an online platform with a livestream courses of Armenian language, history, and culture for children aged 6-17 and also for adults. Read More ImDproc Armenian-language subjects, various exercises for Armenian language learners of different levels, educational materials Read More ToTalkThe Armenian alphabet ( Armenian: Հայոց գրեր, Hayoc’ grer or Հայոց այբուբեն, Hayoc’ aybuben ), or more broadly the Armenian script, is an alphabetic writing system developed for Armenian and occasionally used to write other languages. It was developed around 405 AD by Mesrop Mashtots, an Armenian linguist and ...Nov 17, 2021 · Simple Western Armenian phrases you should know. I speak Western Armenian therefore the words and phrases I will use will be in Western Armenian. Let’s begin: #1. Parev — Hello, Hi. Barev is ... The Armenian alphabet ( Armenian: Հայոց գրեր, Hayoc’ grer or Հայոց այբուբեն, Hayoc’ aybuben ), or more broadly the Armenian script, is an alphabetic writing system developed for Armenian and occasionally used to write other languages. It was developed around 405 AD by Mesrop Mashtots, an Armenian linguist and ... Below is a table showing the Armenian alphabet and how it is pronounced in English, and finally examples of how those letters would sound if you place them in a word. While you're looking at the table, you can also listen to this song which includes all the Armenian alphabet. This text will be replaced by the flash music player. Armenian Alphabet. qixi festival Learn Western Armenian, Chaville, France. 203 likes. This is a modern tool for teaching basic Western Armenian to students from 7 to 70 years of age withJanice Okoomian AVC student, USA. I am learning Armenian because I want to see the world through a new lens and taste the full Armenian lexicon on my lips. I know that the words I am speaking are the same ones that my grandparents and great-grandparents used every day, and I imagine myself closer to them now through the sound and meaning of all the words, the phrases, the sentences I am learning.Duolingo Armenian A Duolingo-styled course for learning the Armenian language for the English speaking world! Welcome to Memrise! Join millions of people who are already learning for free on Memrise! It’s fast, it’s fun and it’s mind-bogglingly effective. tinder app download Achieve fluency in the Armenian language with Learn Armenian Online. Personalized lessons by professional tutors for all levels. Improve communication skills, speaking and writing. Choose Eastern or Western dialect. Start your journey now! Jul 10, 2020 · He learned Classical Armenian (Գրաբար) as well as modern Western Armenian. He translated works from Classical Armenian into English and even helped publish an Armenian-English dictionary. ArmenianOnline.net. Learn Armenian for free by applying yourself at your own pace this interactive version of the audiovisual method operated in the «WESTERN ARMENIAN HANDBOOK FOR NON-ARMENIAN SPEAKERS» created by Dr. Hilda Kalfayan-Panossian (University of Paris Sorbonne). The three books and CDs of the Handbook are still available for sale.This gives the user a multi-sensory approach to learning with audio and visual. Download it for free here - App store Play store . Western Armenian Online Courses-Սահուն Արեւմտահայերէն. This course is designed for students of all ages, interested in learning or improving their knowledge of Western Armenian language.South Africa. Ecuador. Greece. Spain. Bali. Japan. Morocco. It is customary and polite in Armenia to greet everyone when entering a shop, museum or restaurant. Barev dzez is the formal version of the Armenian ‘hello’, so if you are meeting with a local friend, you can say barev.Nov 17, 2021 · Simple Western Armenian phrases you should know. I speak Western Armenian therefore the words and phrases I will use will be in Western Armenian. Let’s begin: #1. Parev — Hello, Hi. Barev is ... Modern Armenian, established as an independent language no earlier than 1875, has two main varieties: Eastern Armenian (Ashkharik, the official language), based on the dialect of the Ararat region, and Western Armenian (spoken by the Turkish minority) based on the Istanbul/ Turkish dialect. This distinction has historical reasons.May 8, 2019 · Here are my top tips for learning the Western Armenian alphabet. MAKE ASSOCIATIONS FOR EACH LETTER When you learn a new letter, making associations between the new shape and something you already know will help you learn faster. Here are some things to think about: What does the letter look like? Maybe it reminds you… Apr 19, 2022 · The Armenian Language has a proper system through which these chemicals are known. For example, the word for ‘gold’ is written ՈՍԿԻ (voski) in Armenian. Each alphabet in every word has a certain number associated with it. The sum of all the numbers is 79, the atomic number for Au, gold. It was not a mere coincidence; instead, it was ... Armenian Alphabet ♬ IPA. This is the best way to learn the fascinating Armenian alphabet in all its forms: lowercase, UPPERCASE, matching cases, pronunciation, letter names, and numerals! Complete with audio as well as IPA and standard ISO 9985 romanization. Armenian keyboard layout not required. Please consider ….Duolingo Armenian A Duolingo-styled course for learning the Armenian language for the English speaking world! Welcome to Memrise! Join millions of people who are already learning for free on Memrise! It’s fast, it’s fun and it’s mind-bogglingly effective.By Elise Antreassian Special to the Mirror-Spectator NEW YORK — In 2010, UNESCO declared Western Armenian an endangered language, which, by their definition, was a language likely to become extinct in the near future because its speakers cease to use it or pass it on to the next generation. The backstory is familiar: As vital […] adaptive minds The course is open to language learners outside the institution. All students can enroll as a non-matriculated student through eveningclasses.byu.edu. California State University, Fresno, CA, USA. Program: Armenian Studies. Contact information: barlowd “at” csufresno.edu, Tel: (559) 278-2669 Fax: (559) 278-2129. Other resources: Memrise is a digital platform that hosts user-generated courses for language-learning. It used some spaced repetition techniques (which are proven to help you memorize faster), and “mems” – i.e. mnemonics as memory aides. There are a few courses for the Western Armenian alphabet on the system: «M.A.M educational movement» is an online platform with a livestream courses of Armenian language, history, and culture for children aged 6-17 and also for adults. Read More ImDproc Armenian-language subjects, various exercises for Armenian language learners of different levels, educational materials Read More ToTalkThe course is open to language learners outside the institution. All students can enroll as a non-matriculated student through eveningclasses.byu.edu. California State University, Fresno, CA, USA. Program: Armenian Studies. Contact information: barlowd “at” csufresno.edu, Tel: (559) 278-2669 Fax: (559) 278-2129. Western Armenian is in danger of extinction because in many communities around the world, which traditionally used this language, young children no longer learn to use it at home. This is the case in Turkey, but also in several countries in the Middle East.Armenian Alphabet ♬ IPA. This is the best way to learn the fascinating Armenian alphabet in all its forms: lowercase, UPPERCASE, matching cases, pronunciation, letter names, and numerals! Complete with audio as well as IPA and standard ISO 9985 romanization. Armenian keyboard layout not required. Please consider ….ArmenianOnline.net. Learn Armenian for free by applying yourself at your own pace this interactive version of the audiovisual method operated in the «WESTERN ARMENIAN HANDBOOK FOR NON-ARMENIAN SPEAKERS» created by Dr. Hilda Kalfayan-Panossian (University of Paris Sorbonne). The three books and CDs of the Handbook are still available for sale. The language stands as a symbol of resilience and unity, particularly amid the political complexities of Eastern Europe. Learn Armenian Lesson 1 Meeting someone. Learn Armenian Lesson 2 Please and thank you. Learn Armenian Lesson 3 Celebrations and parties. Learn Armenian Lesson 4 Peace on earth.Dec 13, 2020 · This file contains clickable links to resources at Internet Archive for learning to read, write, and speak Western Armenian. The guide is intended for speakers of English, French, or Turkish. Wikipedia has an excellent article on Western Armenian, describing the language's history and development and where it is spoken. Internet Archive's ... impossible quiz unblocked Elementary Modern Armenian Grammar , Kevork H. Gulian (New York, 1902; reprinted many times), in 196 pdf pages. Excellent grammar for English speakers wanting to learn Western Armenian. Includes reading exercises, selections of useful words, phrases for Armenian conversation and Armenian-English, English-Armenian vocabularies ...Modern Armenian, established as an independent language no earlier than 1875, has two main varieties: Eastern Armenian (Ashkharik, the official language), based on the dialect of the Ararat region, and Western Armenian (spoken by the Turkish minority) based on the Istanbul/ Turkish dialect. This distinction has historical reasons.Jun 5, 2020 · This is an educational initiative to teach Western Armenian online through Skype. Արեւմտահայերէնի դասընթացք (բանաւոր եւ գրաւոր)։ Our course is designed for students of all ages, interested in learning or improving their knowledge of Western Armenian language. //#page-section-5f9c741d07b7cb30e34d5c7b //# ... Start with an easy and free online course! We have adopted an objective and efficient approach to learn how to speak a language easily and quickly: we suggest you to start by memorizing words, phrases and practical expressions that you can use in everyday life and that will be useful when traveling. Getting used to pronounce words out loud ...The course is open to language learners outside the institution. All students can enroll as a non-matriculated student through eveningclasses.byu.edu. California State University, Fresno, CA, USA. Program: Armenian Studies. Contact information: barlowd “at” csufresno.edu, Tel: (559) 278-2669 Fax: (559) 278-2129.Their reasons are the same, the opinions are just different. Eastern Armenian is more practical and useful, but Western Armenian is an endangered language. If your goal is practicality, learn Eastern. But if your goal is cultural preservation, learn Western. EfficiencyItchy5658 • 2 yr. ago. Simple Western Armenian phrases you should know. I speak Western Armenian therefore the words and phrases I will use will be in Western Armenian. Let’s begin: #1. Parev — Hello, Hi. Barev is ...The Armenian language can be considered a complex one due to various historic and cultural reasons. It’s a fairly difficult language to learn, mainly for two reasons. First, it is a very old language that has maintained many of its archaic forms. In fact, the first traces of the Armenian alphabet are found in BC. Jun 2, 2019 · First, read: Western Armenian Alphabet, Lesson 1A: You CAN Learn to Read Armenian. Part 2 of this lesson introduces you to three very key VOWELS in Armenian: E, E, E. ե = “e” in the middle of a word; “ye” if it starts a word; “y” before a vowel, (եա, եօ, եու = ya, yo, yoo) The Armenian Language has a proper system through which these chemicals are known. For example, the word for ‘gold’ is written ՈՍԿԻ (voski) in Armenian. Each alphabet in every word has a certain number associated with it. The sum of all the numbers is 79, the atomic number for Au, gold. It was not a mere coincidence; instead, it was ...The first one is called "Western Armenian Project", mostly related to making to making videos and isn't exactly what you would look for. Basically Western speakers can make videos together and there is a YT channel that published them. There is the Armenia server which has gathered the best resources for both dialects.Includes 10 lessons on 5 CDs (5 hrs), plus a Notes Booklet and User’s Guide. The Easiest and Fastest Way to Learn Armenian (Western) Whether you want to travel, communicate with friends or colleagues, reconnect with family, or just understand more of what’s going on in the world around you, learning Armenian (Western) will expand your horizons and immeasurably enrich your life.The Armenian (Western) Language. Armenian (Western) is the dialect most often encountered among Armenians outside of Armenia. It is spoken by the majority of Armenians living throughout the Middle East, North and South America, Europe, Africa, and Australia, collectively called the Armenian Diaspora. Tech Talk. First read: Introduction to the Western Armenian Alphabet Posts You can find the specific (slightly edited) Powerpoint lesson here: Alphabet Lesson 5, The Last Few Letters Access the rest of the lessons in this series here: Western Armenian Alphabet, Lesson 1A: You CAN Learn to Read Armenian Western Armenian Alphabet, Lesson 1B: E, E, E…In fact, UNESCO even announced that Western Armenian is already considered a dying language. If you are unsure why you should add Armenian to your list of languages to learn, allow me to walk you through the 3 reasons that will motivate you to start learning. The Armenian language is one of the oldest existing Indo-European languages in the ...The first one is called "Western Armenian Project", mostly related to making to making videos and isn't exactly what you would look for. Basically Western speakers can make videos together and there is a YT channel that published them. There is the Armenia server which has gathered the best resources for both dialects. Mobile app for iOS/Android and web-based app for Mac/Windows. Compatible with Amazon Echo devices. Install on unlimited devices and share with 3 household members. Learn anywhere, cancel anytime. Pimsleur All Access subscription is $20.95/month. You will not be charged during the free trial period (the first 7 days of your subscription, as ... cornerstone federal credit union Modern Armenian, established as an independent language no earlier than 1875, has two main varieties: Eastern Armenian (Ashkharik, the official language), based on the dialect of the Ararat region, and Western Armenian (spoken by the Turkish minority) based on the Istanbul/ Turkish dialect. This distinction has historical reasons. 10 votes, 16 comments. Barev I am a 16 year old from Canada born to Lebanese-Armenian parents. I speak three languages fluently: french, english and…To learn Western Armenian, four levels are established, from beginning to fluency. On the program are grammar, vocabulary, conjugation, declinations, and, for the most advanced participants, some classes of Armenian journalism and literature. Rosine Tachdjian comes from France. She’s a professional singer and works in an Armenian school in Paris.Animals and Pets Anime Art Cars and Motor Vehicles Crafts and DIY Culture, Race, and Ethnicity Ethics and Philosophy Fashion Food and Drink History Hobbies Law Learning and Education Military Movies Music Place Podcasts and Streamers Politics Programming Reading, Writing, and Literature Religion and Spirituality Science Tabletop Games ... drawaria Western Armenian is an Indo-European language and belongs to the Armenic branch of the family, along with Eastern and Classical Armenian. According to Glottolog Antioch, Artial, Asia Minor, Bolu, Hamshenic, Kilikien, Mush -Tigranakert, Stanoz, Vanic and Yozgat are the main dialects of Western Armenian. [6] 3: Learn the language (this is especially important because the language is one of the main factors that defines the Armenian individualism, we are part of the Indo European linguistic family,but even in the indo European linguistic family Armenian is in its own branch of Indo-European and not closely related to anything else ,we only have a ... Description Pimsleur includes 5, 30-minute audio lessons as streaming or audio download accessible using the Pimsleur Mobile App, or on your computer. In addition, audio lessons can be played using the Pimsleur Skill for Amazon® Echo® devices. Surprise your friends! Astonish your family!With our flexible scheduling options and interactive learning materials, you can learn Armenian from anywhere in the world at a time that suits you. Join our online Armenian classes today and start your journey towards fluency in one of the world's oldest and most fascinating languages! Book a Armenian lesson. 32,000+.The easiest way to learn the Armenian language for free. Here, you will be able to make small conversations, while learning the alphabet. The course's main dialect is Western Armenian but Eastern Armenian is also available.toojuice and the Armenian General Benevolent Union (AGBU) are proud to present Gus on the Go: Western Armenian for Kids — a child-friendly, easy to use, colorful new language app featuring native speakers and Gus, the friendly owl. Featuring adorable animations and fun exercises, your child can learn basic vocabulary concepts with interactive ...Apr 19, 2022 · The Armenian Language has a proper system through which these chemicals are known. For example, the word for ‘gold’ is written ՈՍԿԻ (voski) in Armenian. Each alphabet in every word has a certain number associated with it. The sum of all the numbers is 79, the atomic number for Au, gold. It was not a mere coincidence; instead, it was ... Other articles where Arewmtahayerên is discussed: Armenian language: …two written varieties—Western Armenian (Arewmtahayerên) and Eastern Armenian (Arewelahayerên)—and many dialects are spoken. About 50 dialects were known before 1915, when the Armenian population of Turkey was drastically reduced by means of massacre and forced exodus; some of these dialects were mutually unintelligible. solidwork (Updated 07/20/2021) If you want to learn the Western Armenian alphabet, start here: https://hye.home.blog/resources-for-learning-the-western-armenian-alphabet/ & for another similar resource to my list, check out AGBU’s “Atlas” page on language resources!: https://agbuatlas.org/category/language Time-specific classes AGBU Armenian Virtual CollegeJanice Okoomian AVC student, USA. I am learning Armenian because I want to see the world through a new lens and taste the full Armenian lexicon on my lips. I know that the words I am speaking are the same ones that my grandparents and great-grandparents used every day, and I imagine myself closer to them now through the sound and meaning of all the words, the phrases, the sentences I am learning.If yr s/o and family are from Yerevan and Russia they are more likely speaking eastern Armenian, which is why the western Armenian materials look wrong to yr s/o. Western is dominant in the older diaspora that originated from the former Ottoman Empire. Unfortunately materials to learn eastern Armenian are even harder to find. Learn Western Armenian, Chaville, France. 203 likes. This is a modern tool for teaching basic Western Armenian to students from 7 to 70 years of age with Janice Okoomian AVC student, USA. I am learning Armenian because I want to see the world through a new lens and taste the full Armenian lexicon on my lips. I know that the words I am speaking are the same ones that my grandparents and great-grandparents used every day, and I imagine myself closer to them now through the sound and meaning of all the words, the phrases, the sentences I am learning.Achieve fluency in the Armenian language with Learn Armenian Online. Personalized lessons by professional tutors for all levels. Improve communication skills, speaking and writing. Choose Eastern or Western dialect. Start your journey now! kyla yesenosky nude While the app mainly focuses on Western Armenian, there is also a choice of learning Eastern Armenian. The basic version of the app is free to use for everyone, but there is a premium paid version which unlocks all the features of the app. Overall this is a great way to get acquainted with the Armenian language, and I would highly recommend you ...This means that some sounds still extant in Eastern Armenian are no longer used in Western Armenian and thus may make it easier for an English-speaker to learn. Study Western Armenian. Dr. Thomas J. Samuelian of Arak-29 has made a full-length course in modern Western Armenian available for free online. This is a complete year-long course in ...I am fearful for the fate of the Western Armenian language. In 2010, Western Armenian joined UNESCO’s list of endangered languages. Each language on the list is assigned a severity level on a ...I do not have any Armenian roots. I am of Spanish and Italian descent, but I have been to Armenia several times. I am learning Western Armenian. I recommend AVC courses because they are very professional and very well-organized, and it is a very good way to learn Armenian online.The first one is called "Western Armenian Project", mostly related to making to making videos and isn't exactly what you would look for. Basically Western speakers can make videos together and there is a YT channel that published them. There is the Armenia server which has gathered the best resources for both dialects. new living translation Below is a table showing the Armenian alphabet and how it is pronounced in English, and finally examples of how those letters would sound if you place them in a word. While you're looking at the table, you can also listen to this song which includes all the Armenian alphabet. This text will be replaced by the flash music player. Armenian Alphabet.Mar 30, 2019 · It simply involves studying grammar, reading lots of example sentences and paragraphs, and not giving up when my teacher tells me (yet again) that I have used a tense in the wrong way in a given writing or speaking exercise. 5. Finding learning resources. Of all the challenges in learning Western Armenian, this is the most frustrating one. wheaton high school To learn Western Armenian, four levels are established, from beginning to fluency. On the program are grammar, vocabulary, conjugation, declinations, and, for the most advanced participants, some classes of Armenian journalism and literature. Rosine Tachdjian comes from France. She’s a professional singer and works in an Armenian school in Paris.This means that some sounds still extant in Eastern Armenian are no longer used in Western Armenian and thus may make it easier for an English-speaker to learn. Study Western Armenian. Dr. Thomas J. Samuelian of Arak-29 has made a full-length course in modern Western Armenian available for free online. This is a complete year-long course in ...*UPDATE* I have started a series of posts to accompany these Powerpoint lessons, referenced below. Please see: Western Armenian Alphabet, Lesson 1A: You CAN Learn to Read Armenian Western Armenian Alphabet, Lesson 1B: E, E, E Western Armenian Alphabet, Lesson 2: False Friends Western Armenian Alphabet, Lesson 3A: Odd Couples Western Armenian Alphabet, Lesson 3B:…Probably because most western speakers are in the diaspora and speak Armenian as a second language, while eastern speakers are more likely to have formal education in Armenian and use it as a primary language, obviating the need to learn vocabulary through decks. CrazedZombie • 3 mo. ago.Mashdots – Western Armenian language learning app, with flashcards and vocabulary games; Gus on the Go; Several apps from Lalanouaran.com – learn colors, numbers, shapes, and the alphabets. Mini games. These are great. LISTEN and LEARN. Western Armenian radio stations, YouTube channels, podcasts, and movies that you can access online. VLUME Mobile app for iOS/Android and web-based app for Mac/Windows. Compatible with Amazon Echo devices. Install on unlimited devices and share with 3 household members. Learn anywhere, cancel anytime. Pimsleur All Access subscription is $20.95/month. You will not be charged during the free trial period (the first 7 days of your subscription, as ... Modern Armenian, established as an independent language no earlier than 1875, has two main varieties: Eastern Armenian (Ashkharik, the official language), based on the dialect of the Ararat region, and Western Armenian (spoken by the Turkish minority) based on the Istanbul/ Turkish dialect. This distinction has historical reasons.Nov 27, 2022 · However, you can still learn Western Armenian using the resources below! Try these resources to search for Western Armenian lessons: For Windows users, we recommend the ZoneAlarm Language Learning Browser. Where can I learn Armenian? The best way to learn the Armenian language is to attend an Armenian language school, enroll in an Armenian ... First read: Introduction to the Western Armenian Alphabet Posts You can find the specific (slightly edited) Powerpoint lesson here: Alphabet Lesson 5, The Last Few Letters Access the rest of the lessons in this series here: Western Armenian Alphabet, Lesson 1A: You CAN Learn to Read Armenian Western Armenian Alphabet, Lesson 1B: E, E, E…Armenian Alphabet ♬ IPA. This is the best way to learn the fascinating Armenian alphabet in all its forms: lowercase, UPPERCASE, matching cases, pronunciation, letter names, and numerals! Complete with audio as well as IPA and standard ISO 9985 romanization. Armenian keyboard layout not required. Please consider ….If you have the opportunity to go to Venice (Italy) in summer, there is an association called Padus-Araxes who provide 2-3 weeks of intensive western armenian learning courses for all levels. You should even be able to go to the famous St Lazzaro degli Armeni island where you can have access to armenian archives for research purposes. lyrics for thunder Oct 22, 2009 · Elementary Modern Armenian Grammar by Kevork H. Gulian (New York, 1902; reprinted many times), 196 pages. Excellent grammar for English speakers wanting to learn Western Armenian. Includes reading exercises, selection of useful words, phrases for Armenian conversation and Armenian-English, English-Armenian vocabulary. Pimsleur Armenian (Western) Level 1 CD: Learn to Speak and Understand Western Armenian with Pimsleur Language Programs (Compact) by Pimsleur | May 1, 2006 4.0 out of 5 stars 21He learned Classical Armenian (Գրաբար) as well as modern Western Armenian. He translated works from Classical Armenian into English and even helped publish an Armenian-English dictionary.Pimsleur Armenian (Western) Level 1 CD: Learn to Speak and Understand Western Armenian with Pimsleur Language Programs (Compact) by Pimsleur | May 1, 2006 4.0 out of 5 stars 21 ebr schools The Machtotz Association sponsors a website to help you learn Western Armenian. It features lessons and dialogues from books for young learners, some interactive exercises, a lexicon, and a guide to the Armenian alphabet. The site also integrates tools to draw the Armenian letters and record yourself pronouncing Armenian words. I bought this book for learning Western Armenian, is divided in chapters, the fist 16 chapters teach you the Armenian alphabet. The only thing is you need someone who speaks Armenian to correct your pronunciation, I had the fortune to contact the author of this book, so I had the chance to buy the cd¨s, at a modest price.The video will teach you the 50 most common Armenian verbs to use during everyday conversations. A really nice App to learn Armenian: https://bit.ly/ling-li...I wasn't allowed to post it on r/linguistics, but I suppose, it's more appropriate for this subreddit. I guess, no further explanation to my question is required. In Classical Armenian "ղ" represented a velarised lateral approximant [ɫ] as "l" in English "cold" (in most dialects). In Modern Armenian it became [ʁ]. wcb ny Elementary Modern Armenian Grammar , Kevork H. Gulian (New York, 1902; reprinted many times), in 196 pdf pages. Excellent grammar for English speakers wanting to learn Western Armenian. Includes reading exercises, selections of useful words, phrases for Armenian conversation and Armenian-English, English-Armenian vocabularies ... *UPDATE* I have started a series of posts to accompany these Powerpoint lessons, referenced below. Please see: Western Armenian Alphabet, Lesson 1A: You CAN Learn to Read Armenian Western Armenian Alphabet, Lesson 1B: E, E, E Western Armenian Alphabet, Lesson 2: False Friends Western Armenian Alphabet, Lesson 3A: Odd Couples Western Armenian Alphabet, Lesson 3B:…Oct 22, 2009 · Elementary Modern Armenian Grammar by Kevork H. Gulian (New York, 1902; reprinted many times), 196 pages. Excellent grammar for English speakers wanting to learn Western Armenian. Includes reading exercises, selection of useful words, phrases for Armenian conversation and Armenian-English, English-Armenian vocabulary. Learn Armenian with Ling Use our comprehensive lessons, conversation topics, and more to connect with those closest to you Start learning Korean Lao Latvian Lithuanian Malayalam Malaysian Marathi Mongolian Nepali Norwegian Persian Polish Portuguese Punjabi Romanian Russian Serbian Slovak Slovenian Sorbian Spanish Swahili Swedish Tagalog TamilIncludes 10 lessons on 5 CDs (5 hrs), plus a Notes Booklet and User’s Guide. The Easiest and Fastest Way to Learn Armenian (Western) Whether you want to travel, communicate with friends or colleagues, reconnect with family, or just understand more of what’s going on in the world around you, learning Armenian (Western) will expand your horizons and immeasurably enrich your life. Below is a table showing the Armenian alphabet and how it is pronounced in English, and finally examples of how those letters would sound if you place them in a word. While you're looking at the table, you can also listen to this song which includes all the Armenian alphabet. This text will be replaced by the flash music player. Armenian Alphabet.The video will teach you the 50 most common Armenian verbs to use during everyday conversations. A really nice App to learn Armenian: https://bit.ly/ling-li...Jun 14, 2023 · Learning Western Armenian has never been so much fun! Join Gus, the friendly owl, as he travels around the world and explores languages from every corner of the globe with Gus on the Go! Featuring adorable animations and fun exercises, your child can learn basic vocabulary concepts with interactive visual and auditory lessons on numbers, colors, shapes, fo Probably because most western speakers are in the diaspora and speak Armenian as a second language, while eastern speakers are more likely to have formal education in Armenian and use it as a primary language, obviating the need to learn vocabulary through decks. CrazedZombie • 3 mo. ago.But, making mistakes and admitting “chem kider”— I don’t know— is part of the process of learning anything. I checked out a Western Armenian dictionary and vocabulary CD set from the ... allegian airlines The Machtotz Association sponsors a website to help you learn Western Armenian. It features lessons and dialogues from books for young learners, some interactive exercises, a lexicon, and a guide to the Armenian alphabet. The site also integrates tools to draw the Armenian letters and record yourself pronouncing Armenian words.Modern Armenian, established as an independent language no earlier than 1875, has two main varieties: Eastern Armenian (Ashkharik, the official language), based on the dialect of the Ararat region, and Western Armenian (spoken by the Turkish minority) based on the Istanbul/ Turkish dialect. This distinction has historical reasons.4-5-6. The next three columns present the pronunciation of characters in Old, Eastern and Western Armenian. Three characters are represented with two sets of symbols, one for transcription: ÀÁ ə, ¾¿ e, úû o and another, transliteration: ÀÁ ě, ¾¿ ē, úû ō. The sound changes are marked with bold characters. Obviously, there are noAnimals and Pets Anime Art Cars and Motor Vehicles Crafts and DIY Culture, Race, and Ethnicity Ethics and Philosophy Fashion Food and Drink History Hobbies Law Learning and Education Military Movies Music Place Podcasts and Streamers Politics Programming Reading, Writing, and Literature Religion and Spirituality Science Tabletop Games ... what is a campaign The first one is called "Western Armenian Project", mostly related to making to making videos and isn't exactly what you would look for. Basically Western speakers can make videos together and there is a YT channel that published them. There is the Armenia server which has gathered the best resources for both dialects.The Armenian language can be considered a complex one due to various historic and cultural reasons. It’s a fairly difficult language to learn, mainly for two reasons. First, it is a very old language that has maintained many of its archaic forms. In fact, the first traces of the Armenian alphabet are found in BC.Includes 10 lessons on 5 CDs (5 hrs), plus a Notes Booklet and User’s Guide. The Easiest and Fastest Way to Learn Armenian (Western) Whether you want to travel, communicate with friends or colleagues, reconnect with family, or just understand more of what’s going on in the world around you, learning Armenian (Western) will expand your horizons and immeasurably enrich your life.4-5-6. The next three columns present the pronunciation of characters in Old, Eastern and Western Armenian. Three characters are represented with two sets of symbols, one for transcription: ÀÁ ə, ¾¿ e, úû o and another, transliteration: ÀÁ ě, ¾¿ ē, úû ō. The sound changes are marked with bold characters. Obviously, there are noIn fact, UNESCO even announced that Western Armenian is already considered a dying language. If you are unsure why you should add Armenian to your list of languages to learn, allow me to walk you through the 3 reasons that will motivate you to start learning. The Armenian language is one of the oldest existing Indo-European languages in the ...This means that some sounds still extant in Eastern Armenian are no longer used in Western Armenian and thus may make it easier for an English-speaker to learn. Study Western Armenian. Dr. Thomas J. Samuelian of Arak-29 has made a full-length course in modern Western Armenian available for free online. This is a complete year-long course in ...